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Viridian Note 00438: Delhian Doors of Perception
Links: I got a public lecture coming up April 7 here at the new alma mater. http://www.artcenter.edu/accd/events/campus.jsp?y=2005&m=04 John Thackara has a new book coming out. "In the Bubble – Designing in a Complex World" by John Thackara http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?tid=10445&ttype=2 "How to design a world in which we rely less on stuff, and more on people." "I eagerly devoured every last page of John Thackara's lofty, captivating book." – Bruce Sterling, author of The Hacker Crackdown and Tomorrow Now: Envisioning the Next Fifty Years If not reading Thackara's lofty, captivating book,
you might want to watch Bollywood movies from
"Little India" in Los Angeles, thus pretending
to be cool enough to go to Delhi. Failing that, a Survival Research Labs show is always a good bet. It's official! Venture capital makes industries backward and stupid! Are you a globalist, pro-capitalist energy wonk?
You might want to call yourself a "geo-green." Subject: [Doors-Report] Doors of Perception Report: Reflecting On Doors 8 Doors of Perception Report Reflection On Doors 8 In New Delhi IMPLICATIONS OF "INFRA"People take different things away from a conference. Much of the value is created in situation-specific encounters than cannot easily be shared. But second-hand information is better than none, so we've put most of the presentations given at Doors 8 online, together with a few hundred photos. If you know of other photo collections or blog entries, please send us the url: <editor*doorsofperception.com>. http://doors8delhi.doorsofperception.com/ REDESIGNING DEVELOPMENTOne takeaway from Doors 8 was an understanding that enabling platforms for social innovation need to meet three criteria: they should creatively engage the people they are intended for; they should help people to evaluate the new against the old; and they should help local people retain control over their own resources. Big corporations may have a role to play here as providers of enabling platforms – but not as the proprietors of of finished products or services. The challenge is to design system architectures that promote local leaderships, and that keep power, knowledge, and the value generated, at local level. JUGAAD: THE NEW CREATIVE CLASSA majority of the population in many Asian cities lives in shanty towns which make urban planners anxious. Although perceived as problem areas by bureaucrats, these areas are also sites of intense social and business innovation. We learned in Delhi that they play a crucial role in keeping the city and its economy running. Indian users of technology-based devices cannot rely on formal networks of distribution, support, and maintenance: These are often incomplete, unimaginative or unrealistically priced. They therefore turn to the temporary fixes, or 'jugaads', carried out by Indian street technicians. An army of pavement-based engineers keeps engines, television tubes, compressors and other devices working. Outside our office in Delhi, for example, hundreds of tiny workshops, plus sole traders sitting on the street, sold (and fixed) the countless hardware peripherals that keep office life running. Everything from toner cartridges to USB sticks was available, and bustling basements contained amazing arrays of ancient monitors, terminals and motherboards awaiting repair. The irony is this: many bureaucrats (and property profiteers) in Asia want to get rid of these so-called suitcase entrepreneurs; but in the North, proponents of 'creative cities' are desperate to foster a comparable level of small-scale industries and street-level productivity. (((The real irony – in a "jugaad" world, 'l33t technical skills are a one-way ticket to a basement sweatshop crammed with ancient monitors.))) SMALL IS NOT SMALLOur discussions of service design for emerging economies left a tricky question unanswered: how do we determine when is a market is 'emerging' – and when it has emerged? Is it possible to design the relationship between small pilot projects, as potential tipping points, and large scale system or market change? Ezio Manzini half answered that last question with the observation that "small is not small". Small is also not neutral. Small design actions have become political, Manzini explained, because anything that shapes connectivity and information architecture inevitably impacts on knowledge and value – and therefore power. For Chris Downs and Ben Reason, we are "less in a transition than in a u-turn: we have to design for less, rather than more", and shift our attention from the individual user's needs, to the social use of a service or system. Tilly Blyth cautioned us to remember that social innovation is usually unintended: "The history of interaction between technological change and social change should be part of the policy and innovation process – but is not". RE-MIX AS A DESIGN PROCESSOne "Aha!" moment in Delhi was the realisation that re-mix is not just about new music and vj-ing. Re:mix also signals a broader cultural shift away from the preoccupation with individual authorship that has rendered art (and management) so tiresome in recent times. In architecture circles, the concept of "recombinant design" has been doing the rounds – but re-mix, as flagged by Joi Ito, is a better word. One visiting re-mixer at Doors 8, Juhuu (Juha Huuskonen), ran a terrific workshop on VJing in Delhi. Juhu is also behind an event in Helsinki (14-17 April) called PixelACHE which brings together new media explorations of this cultural shift. http://www.pixelache.ac/2005/front.php (((The lineup at this PixelACHE gig is amazing.))) CITY AS D-SCHOOLThe foreigners among us arrived in New Delhi at the same time as Condoleeza Rice. She was in town to sell F16s and nuclear power station technology. (((To Pakistan, that is.))) We were in town to sell the idea that design for social capital is a better investment. While Condi shows powerpoints to air force generals, (((hey, we've all done it))) Doors of Perception design teams fanned out across the city. Debra Solomon's Nomadic Banquet team checked out street food and food distribution systems. Jogi Panghaal led a group exploring the city's markets. Juha Huuskonen taught a group how to VJ. Jan Chipchase engaged in guerilla ethnography... somewhere. The idea was to experience the city as a design school in practice. (((I know MY design school is a lot like a sweltering, polyglot capital of a massive, ageless subcontinent.))) Later on, Tony Salvador from Intel made a persuasive case that the massive microchip company takes the work of ethnographers and anthropologists seriously. "We're trying to understand how to connect local with global knowledge. To do that we have to think about local knowledge ecosystems, not just about devices". Salvador showed us a case study in which ex-pat Kashmiris, now working in the US, send family members a coupon for a goat. The goats looked unaware of their fate. MIRROR WORLDSThese street-level workshops sparked a debate
about ethics and ethnography. By what right do
we swan around a city capturing information about
peoples lives? (((Don't look at me, I've got a degree in journalism.))) If we are to exchange
value – rather than just take it, or act like
cultural tourists – what do we have to
offer? Alok Nandi made the point that ethnographers –
and for that matter documentary film makers –
have been wrestling with this issue for decades, and why don't we ask them about
the issue? (We will).
Nandi was critical of the "dive bombing" method
in which people land in places cold, and start
filming things that they see, but have no
way of understanding. (A British professor, Jonathan Gosling, refers to this as "The Mir
Experience" – dropping in on another galaxy
from within one's own spaceship). Jogi Panghaal
countered that fresh eyes can reveal hidden value
and thus mobilise neglected local resources.
Visiting designers can act like mirrors, reflecting things about a situation that local
people no longer notice or value. Shamefully,
too many visiting designers promise local people
they will do this, but never get around to
sharing their conclusions and documentation.
(((Might as well hire the best:)))
FROM INFRA DIG TO INFRA-THINUpon arriving in Delhi, Garrick Jones told me
how intrigued he had been by the Duchamp-related theme of Doors 8. Marcel Duchamp's concept of
"infra-thin" – an "invisible and intangible
separation between two things, a space in which
the possible implies the becoming" – struck
him as highly appropriate. I was forced, at
this point, to confess to Garrick that the Duchamp reference was new to me. The original
inspiration for the theme had
been shiny green construction diggers in
The Netherlands that sport the words "Bam
Infra". These words had perplexed me for years. GLOBAL EDUCATIONAt a meeting of people from universities, design and architecture schools, we heard that the London School of Economics is receiving 30,000 applications a month from China. EX-ARCHITECTUREA surprising number of presenters introduced themselves as "ex-architects". The ExArchs included Marco Susani, who develops new services for Motorola; Margrit Kennedy, who redesigns money systems; and Usman Haque, who makes structures that float and emote. A British contingent of service designers included four ex-architects who design health situations. Industrial ecologist Ezio Manzini designs knowledge-sharing projects. And Aditya Dev Sood, another ExArch, nicknamed his panel session "architecture as old media". An ex-planner from Bangalore, Solomon Benjamin, told us that only ten percent of the population of Delhi lives in a master-planned area; probably fewer live in a building designed by an architect. Among the ExArchs engaged by the complex relationships among city locations and the activities they contain were media artists Ashok Sukuraman and Usman Haque: both talked about site-responsive media interventions as a way to enrich the experience of people in places. Maybe they're not Ex-, after all. LOCALITY AS INTERFACEActually building a location-based service, and making it pay as a business, is easier said than done. Stefan Magdalinski shared some of the lessons he learned developing upmystreet.com, a service platform based on the real patches of inhabited land connoted by Britain's 1.7 million postcodes. The reality of information flows at this ultra-local level eludes the big infrastructure providers, said Magdalinski – and he left the project himself when its P2P ambitions did turn into a sustainable business. (For all you bloggers out there, (((yo!))) Magdalinski gave us one of the week's more memorable factoids: fewer than one percent of a website's visitors usually contribute or comment – and people usually only start contributing after they have been visiting a site for three years). UNDERNEATH THE FREEWAYLaurent Gutierrez and Valerie Portefaix, who
are MapOffice in Hong Kong, previewed their
stunning new book, 'HK Lab 2'. It contains
photography, maps, and writing about the
Special Administrative Region and China's
Pearl River Delta. When not working in the
informal economy, a floating population of
more than 15 million migrant workers sleeps in
dormitories so small that there is no room
to accumulate consumer goods. As a result,
new patterns of living, consuming, and play have
emerged; these challenge traditional notions
of efficiency, order, and creativity in city
design. Buy a copy of the book at: AND UNDERNEATH NEW YORKThe problem faced by Tim Tomkins, who runs the Times Square Alliance in New York, is that his city has been rendered clean – but culturally barren. In retrofitting creative disorder to the streets of Manhattan, Tomkins seeks to accomodate both creators and observers. Meanwhile New York's hard infrastructure design supremo, David Burney, used fabulous visualisations of New York's underground infrastructures to remind us that his city's water consumption, at 1.5 billion gallons a day for 8 million people, is unsustainable – just like New Delhi's. The good news is that 40 percent of New York's solid waste is now being srecycled, and the city will save nearly $50m a year just by installing energy efficient traffic lights. SYSTEMS OF CAREReturning to soft infrastructures, a contingent of service designers seemed comfortable in their new role as enablers, rather than providers, of a service – in this case, health. Jennie Winhall and Chris Vanstone from RED, at the UK Design Council, presented a persuasive design methodology for public services. We then saw the results of a six month project commissioned by NESTA and the National Health Service, from four design firms, that examined the potential for patients with long-term health conditions to co-produce and then lead their own 'journey of care'. The idea was to make the experience of different actors visible to all stakeholders in a storyboard format that pinpointed moments when communication blockages are most likely to occur. (The presentations for this part of Doors 8 are not yet online, but will be soon). SYSTEMS OF EXCHANGE: (1) MONEYEx-architect Margrit Kennedy delivered a stunningly clear analysis of why the world financial system is doomed. The bad news is that an horrendous crash is more likely than a soft landing. The good news is that complementary money systems are spreading fast in different parts of the world. Taken as a group, these experiments are evidence
that we can do something, now. They also provide
us with a real-life picture of what social
transformation from the bottom-up actually looks
like. Non-cash exchange systems and complementary currencies are, for some, where a genuinely new
economy is being born – and where so-called
emerging economies are in many respects ahead of
"developed" ones. SHARING DESIGN KNOWLEDGEHow best shall we share design knowledge when and where it is most needed? Books, databases, or blogs that contain insights, tools and rules are a powerful support. But much important knowledge is embodied, and situated. How do we share that? Jimmy Wales, founder of Wikipedia, quoted some spectacular numbers to describe the effectiveness of large-scale co-operative voluntary work enabled by carefully designed internet tools: there are currently 400 million page views per month of Wikipedia's 1.5 million articles – in 200 languages. The whole thing (if it is a thing) is doubling every three months. For Wales, the key ingredients in the design of the Wikipedia platform are: a policy of favouring results over process; flexible quality control using versioning and easy-to-use editing features; community features such as talk pages; and, above all, Wikipedia's Neutral Point Of View (NPOV). This last concept prompted a number of "now wait a minute!" comments from philosophical relativists in the room. Wales easily held his own with an explanation that Wikipedia's system of governance combines consensus, democracy, aristocracy – and absolute monarchy. BEST PRACTICE IMPERFECTIONSWikipedia is a hard act to beat in terms of formal and recordable knowledge. But what about lived, everyday, embodied knowledge? Several knowledge-sharing designers – Francois Jegou (Sustainable Everyday) Amrit Srinavasan (Paedia), and Kamil Vijay (Honeybee Network) – found this to be a challenging design issue. The Honeybee Network, for example, has documented 48,000 rural innovations – but a lot of them are hard to transfer from one situation to another; the system doesn't scale. Kamil described how one plant, which farmers stated adamantly was effective at resisting a particular kind of pest, failed to reproduce the effect when tested in a lab. It transpired that what the plant did, in situ, was attract another kind of insect, which also only lived locally, and that insect disturbed the pest insect's eggs. But the egg-disturbing insect had not been taken to the lab. And those are just bugs. Two Bombay-based designers, John and Sanjeev from Kudos, spent months living among and documenting street food vendors of Bombay. Their material was rich, and entrancing – but what to do with it? IS NOTHING SACRED?Marko Ahtisaari, reflecting on the infrastructure of sharing, listed what for him are today's 'primitives' of social experience: the gift; re-mix; 1:1 signalling; photostreams; and tuning out. Sanjay Khanna asked, in response to this analysis: is nothing sacred? Joi Ito proposed open-ness – and added that it is a condition of an open society that monopolies be broken up. HEARD IN DELHI>From my lodging house in Delhi I heard:No airconditioning roar. Pigeons fidgeting in the metal box above my window that used to contain an airconditioning unit The long moan of a freight train's horn as it crosses the city. Dogs fighting. Monkeys monkeying. Birds that miaaow like cats while swooping overhead. Loud insects shouting at each other. People sweeping leaves off their drive. Pedestrians saying "sshhhh" to cows so they will move out of the way. And the cries of street traders on a variety of bikes: the man with eggs; the man with the pink and red fruit; the knife sharpener; and the man with brightly coloured brushes and feather dusters who looks like a huge electrocuted parrot as he moves with his wares up the street. Later someone demonstrates the cry of the mattress rumpling man, but I have no need of his services. http://doors8delhi.doorsofperception.com/ Doors-Report mailing list O=c=O O=c=O O=c=O
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